The role of optical fibre cable (OFC) in digital highways is becoming increasingly pivotal as India advances towards a digitally interconnected future. These highways, equipped with state-of-the-art communication networks, are crucial for the seamless integration of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), enhancing traffic management, safety and efficiency. As India invests in modernising its infrastructure, understanding the significance of OFC for digital highways is the need of the hour.

OFC’s role in digital transformation

OFC networks offer low latency, high speed communication, which is indispensable for real-time applications such as traffic monitoring systems and rapid emergency response mechanisms. Moreover, OFC networks facilitate the seamless interconnection of numerous devices, including CCTV cameras, variable message signs and emergency phones, with central control systems. This significantly enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of highway management by providing real-time data and connectivity.

Additionally, the inherent reliability and security of OFC networks guarantee uninterrupted, interference-free communication. This robustness not only supports continuous operation but also bolsters defences against data breaches and electrical interference.

Moreover, the scalable nature of OFC infrastructure is designed to accommodate future technological advancements, such as the transition to next-generation networks like 5G. This scalability ensures that the network can grow and evolve with emerging demands, maintaining its relevance and effectiveness in the digital age.

Contribution by NHAI

According to the National Highways Authority of India’s (NHAI) policy dated October 10, 2023, OFC must have a minimum of 24 cores and comply with the Telecommunication Engineering Centre specifications. The policy details the complete methodology for laying cables, performing splicing and implementing protective measures. It ensures robust interconnection between advanced traffic management system (ATMS) control centres and field devices, mandating distinct OFC systems for separate video and data signals. Additionally, the policy includes provisions for future expansions, requiring dedicated spare fibres to accommodate growing needs.

Efforts by NHLML

National Highways Logistics Management Limited (NHLML) has initiated pilot projects such as the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway and the Hyderabad-Bengaluru Corridor, successfully completing extensive OFC infrastructure spanning hundreds of kilometres.

The key features of these pilot projects include meticulous development within a 1.2-m right of way, ensuring efficient use of space while minimising disruption. Centralised monitoring is also facilitated through the integration of network operation centres, enhancing oversight and management capabilities. Additionally, the installation of telco rooms and manholes ensures ease of maintenance and accessibility, contributing to the overall robustness of the infrastructure.

For the expansion of the OFC network, NHLML has designed a comprehensive ring architecture comprising 23 rings covering approximately 20,000 km nationwide. The scalability of this design depends on the success of the pilot projects, which will lay the foundation for nationwide implementation. Also, specific key performance indicators have been established to measure and ensure the efficacy and performance of these ring projects.

Furthermore, the deployment of global navigation satellite systems in relation to the OFC market requires three critical components. First, robust cellular networks along highways are essential to eliminating telecom black spots and ensuring uninterrupted communication. Second, the substantial data generated necessitates the establishment of data centres for efficient storage and processing. Finally, broadband connectivity is crucial, ensuring high speed internet access to support various applications and services.

Challenges

Currently, suppliers do not provide a standardised maintenance protocol, which might lead to a shift in ITS policies to alternative data transfer modes. In the industry, a significant portion of ITS infrastructure relies heavily on OFC networks. Therefore, a robust maintenance protocol is essential.

Across the country, numerous ATMS projects are hindered by damaged OFC cables. This issue arises from inadequate quality control measures, which have either been overlooked or not implemented on-site. As a result, the market is flooded with substandard products, leading to reduced functionality and compromised system performance. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the industry to ensure reliable, high quality OFC networks and optimal performance of ITS infrastructure.

The way forward

Going forward, the industry should adopt a service model instead of merely selling products and neglecting their upkeep. Enhanced maintenance protocols are essential to ensuring the longevity and reliability of infrastructure. Additionally, the industry should develop hybrid settings wherein, in the absence of OFC, 5G connectivity can seamlessly take over. Therefore, ensuring 5G readiness is crucial to future-proofing our digital infrastructure and maintaining continuous, high quality connectivity.

Based on a presentation by A.R. Chitranshi, Chief Operating Officer, Indian Highways Management Company Limited